November 30 Wikipedia featured article

"The Post-Modern Prometheus" is the fifth episode of the fifth season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files, originally airing on the Fox network on November 30, 1997. It was written and directed by series creator Chris Carter. The story follows FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) as they investigate a creature called "The Great Mutato" that has impregnated a middle-aged woman; it turns out to be the genetic creation of a Frankenstein-like doctor. The creature is first ostracized and then accepted by his community. Carter's story draws heavily on Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (subtitled The Modern Prometheus) and particularly on James Whale's 1931 film version of the story. The episode was filmed in black and white, with a sky backdrop imitating the style of old Frankenstein films. Talk-show host Jerry Springer appeared as himself, and Chris Owens played The Great Mutato. Many critics praised the episode; some even called it a "classic". It was nominated for seven awards at the 1998 Emmys, winning one. (Full article...)

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On this day: November 30

November 30: Cities for Life Day; Independence Day in Barbados (1966)

King Charles XII of Sweden

• 3340 BC – The oldest known record of a solar eclipse was carved into a stone in Ireland.
• 1700 – Great Northern War: Swedish forces led by King Charles XII (pictured) defeated the Russian army of Tsar Peter the Great at the Battle of Narva.
• 1864 – American Civil War: The Confederate States Army suffered its worst disaster of the war as the Army of Tennessee conducted numerous unsuccessful frontal assaults against fortified positions at Franklin, Tennessee.
• 1942 – World War II: Imperial Japanese Navy warships defeated United States Navy forces during a nighttime naval battle near the Tassafaronga area on Guadalcanal.
• 1982 – Michael Jackson's Thriller, the best-selling album of all time, was released.

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November 29 Wikipedia featured article

Illustration of the game Gospel Dice, of which Israel is credited as a coinventor

Israel the Grammarian (c. 895 – c. 965) was one of the leading European scholars of the mid-tenth century. Most likely a Breton, he wrote theological and grammatical tracts, and commentaries on the works of other philosophers and theologians. When Alfred the Great became King of Wessex in 871, learning was at a low level in southern England, and there were no Latin scholars. The king embarked on a programme of revival, bringing in scholars from Continental Europe, Wales and Mercia. His grandson Æthelstan, king from 924 to 939, carried on the work, inviting foreign scholars such as Israel to his court, and appointing Continental clerics as bishops. After Æthelstan's death, Israel successfully sought the patronage of Archbishop Rotbert of Trier and became tutor to Bruno, later the Archbishop of Cologne. In the late 940s Israel is recorded as a bishop, and at the end of his life he was a monk at the Benedictine monastery of Saint-Maximin in Trier. He was an accomplished poet, a disciple of the ninth-century Irish philosopher John Scottus Eriugena, and one of the few scholars of his time who understood Greek. (Full article...)

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On this day: November 29

November 29

Eureka Flag

• 1729 – Natchez Indians suddenly revolted against French colonists near modern-day Natchez, Mississippi, US, killing over 240 people.
• 1847 – Oregon missionaries Marcus and Narcissa Whitman along with about a dozen others were killed by Cayuse and Umatilla Native American tribes, sparking the Cayuse War.
• 1854 – The Eureka Flag (pictured) was flown for the first time during the Eureka Stockade rebellion in Australia.
• 1947 – The United Nations General Assembly voted to approve the Partition Plan for Palestine, a plan to resolve the Arab–Israeli conflict in the British Mandate of Palestine by separating the territory into Jewish and Arab states.
• 1987 – Korean Air Flight 858 exploded over the Andaman Sea after two North Korean agents left a time bomb in an overhead compartment, killing all 115 people on board.

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On this day: November 28

November 28: Independence Day in Albania (1912); Navy Day in Iran (1980); Holodomor Remembrance Day in Ukraine (2015)

John Major

• 936 – Shi Jingtang was enthroned as the first emperor of the Later Jin by Emperor Taizong of Liao, following a revolt against Emperor Fei of Later Tang.
• 1660 – At London's Gresham College, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, Christopher Wren and other leading scientists founded a learned society now known as the Royal Society.
• 1905 – Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith first presented his Sinn Féin policy, declaring that the 1800 Act of Union of Great Britain and Ireland was illegal.
• 1925 – The country music radio program Grand Ole Opry was first broadcast on WSM radio in Nashville, Tennessee.
• 1990 – After being elected as leader of the British Conservative Party one day earlier, John Major (pictured) officially succeeded Margaret Thatcher as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

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November 28 Wikipedia featured article

Worker with cocoon

The banded sugar ant (Camponotus consobrinus) is a species of ant endemic to Australia. A member of the genus Camponotus in the subfamily Formicinae, it was described by German entomologist Wilhelm Ferdinand Erichson in 1842. Its common name refers to the ant's preference for sweet food, as well as the distinctive orange-brown band around its gaster. The ant is polymorphic and relatively large, with castes called major workers (soldiers) and minor workers. Ants in these groups measure around 5 to 15 millimetres (0.20 to 0.59 inches) in length. Mainly nocturnal, banded sugar ants prefer a mesic habitat, and are commonly found in forests and woodlands; they are also found in urban areas, where they are considered a household pest. The ant's diet includes sweet secretions they obtain from aphids and other insects. Workers prey on some insects, killing them with a spray of formic acid. Banded sugar ants are prey for other ants, echidnas, and birds. The eggs of this species were consumed by Australian Aborigines. (Full article...)

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November 27 Wikipedia featured article

Almirante Latorre in 1921

The Almirante Latorre class consisted of two super-dreadnought battleships designed by the British company Armstrong Whitworth for the Chilean Navy, named for Admirals Juan José Latorre and Thomas Cochrane. Construction began on 27 November 1911, but both were purchased and renamed by the Royal Navy prior to completion for use in the First World War. Almirante Latorre (pictured) was commissioned into British service as HMS Canada in October 1915 and spent its wartime service with the Grand Fleet, seeing action in the Battle of Jutland. The ship was sold back to Chile in 1920, assuming its former name. Almirante Latorre‍ '​s crew instigated a naval mutiny in 1931. After a major refit in 1937, she patrolled Chile's coast during the Second World War. Almirante Cochrane was converted to an aircraft carrier and commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS Eagle long after the war ended. It served in the Mediterranean Fleet and on the China Station in the inter-war period and operated in the Atlantic and Mediterranean during the Second World War before being sunk in August 1942 during Operation Pedestal. (Full article...)

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On this day: November 27

November 27

First Eddystone Lighthouse

• 1703 – The Great Storm of 1703, one of the most severe storms to strike southern Great Britain, destroyed the first Eddystone Lighthouse (pictured) off Plymouth, England.
• 1815 – As specified by the Congress of Vienna, the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland was signed for the newly recreated Polish state that was under Russian control.
• 1940 – The Iron Guard killed over 60 political detainees at a penitentiary near Bucharest and followed up with several high-profile assassinations, including that of former Romanian Prime Minister Nicolae Iorga.
• 1975 – Members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army assassinated Ross McWhirter, co-founder of the Guinness Book of Records, a few weeks after he offered a £50,000 reward for information leading to a conviction for several recent high-profile bombings that were publicly claimed by the IRA.
• 2001 – The Hubble Space Telescope detected sodium in the atmosphere of the extrasolar planet HD 209458 b, the first planetary atmosphere outside our solar system to be measured.

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Le Co Voiturage et Bla Bla Car : Gagner de l’Argent en Conduisant

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November 26 Wikipedia featured article

Children of Mana is a 2006 action role-playing game for the Nintendo DS handheld console. It was developed by Square Enix and Nex Entertainment, and published by Square Enix and Nintendo. It is the sixth game of the Mana series and the first entry in the World of Mana subseries. Set in a high fantasy universe, Children of Mana follows one of four young heroes as they combat an invasion of monsters and learn about the cataclysmic event that killed their families. Both the main plot and side-quests require the player to fight through dungeons and defeat boss monsters before returning to the central Mana Village. Like many of its predecessors, the game features a local cooperative multiplayer component. Children of Mana was designed by series creator Koichi Ishii, directed by Yoshiki Ito, and produced by Takashi Orikata and Katsuji Aoyama. The game was a moderate commercial success: it sold 100,000 copies in its first week of release, and over 280,000 copies in Japan by the end of 2006. While critics praised the graphics and music as beautiful and unique, they found the combat simplistic and repetitive, and the story insubstantial. (Full article...)

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On this day: November 26

November 26: Feast day of Sylvester Gozzolini and John Berchmans (Roman Catholic Church); Constitution Day in India (1949); Thanksgiving in the United States (2015)

Film poster for Casablanca

• 1161 – A Song dynasty fleet defeated a naval engagement with Jin dynasty ships on the Yangtze river during the Jin–Song Wars.
• 1805 – The Pontcysyllte Aqueduct, the longest and highest aqueduct in Great Britain, opened.
• 1922 – Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon became the first people to enter the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun in over 3,000 years.
• 1942 – The film Casablanca (poster pictured), starring Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman, premiered at the Hollywood Theatre in New York City to coincide with the Allied invasion of North Africa and the capture of Casablanca.
• 2011 – NASA launched the Mars Science Laboratory mission from Cape Canaveral, with the Curiosity rover aboard.

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November 25 Wikipedia featured article

Ron Hamence played for the Australian cricket team in 1948, dubbed the "Invincibles", when they went undefeated for an unprecedented 34 matches on a tour of England. He was not instrumental in the team's success, and his selection was a subject of controversy because many batsmen who had scored more runs in the preceding Australian season had been overlooked. Hamence played in only non-Test tour matches to allow the leading batsmen to conserve energy for the Tests, as play was scheduled for six days a week. Because the team captain Donald Bradman was reluctant to risk the team's unbeaten record, Hamence did not receive many opportunities to bat high in the order, and scored only 582 runs at a batting average of 32.33, with a top-score of 99. He was the only frontline Australian batsman not to score a century. The remaining eight frontline batsmen each scored at least 973 runs and all averaged no less than 47.30. (Full article...)

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On this day: November 25

November 25: Guru Nanak Gurpurab (Sikhism, 2015); Teachers' Day in Indonesia

Albert Einstein

• 1491 – Reconquista: The Granada War was effectively brought to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Granada between Castile-Aragon and the Emirate of Granada.
• 1863 – American Civil War: Confederate forces were defeated at the Battle of Missionary Ridge in Chattanooga, Tennessee, opening the door to the Union's invasion of the Deep South.
• 1915 – Albert Einstein (pictured) presented to the Prussian Academy of Science his field equations of general relativity.
• 1975 – Upon Suriname's independence from the Netherlands, Johan Ferrier became its first president.
• 1984 – Band Aid, a supergroup consisting of over 30 leading British and Irish pop musicians, recorded the song "Do They Know It's Christmas?" to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia.

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November 24 Wikipedia featured article

Sly and Robbie

Rhythm Killers is the second studio album by Jamaican musical duo Sly and Robbie (pictured), released in May 1987 on Island Records. First known as a reggae band, the duo experimented in the 1980s with electronic sounds and contemporary recording technology, while branching out into international, cross-genre music. A funk and dance album, Rhythm Killers has a dense sound that incorporates reggae, hip hop, hard rock, worldbeat, and downtown music. Along with their live instruments, Sly and Robbie used electronic recording equipment such as the Fairlight CMI synthesizer and electronic drums. The album has been cited by music writers for its electronic rhythms, its treatment of African-American music elements, and Laswell's densely layered production. It peaked at number 35 on the British Albums Chart, and also charted in the Netherlands, Sweden, and New Zealand. The critic Robert Christgau named it the seventh-best album of 1987. Two promotional singles were issued, including the UK hit "Boops (Here to Go)". Sly and Robbie continued their digital direction on subsequent albums. The album has since been out of print. (Full article...)

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On this day: November 24

November 24: Feast day of Vietnamese Martyrs (Roman Catholicism)

Ruby about to shoot Oswald

• 1227 – High Duke of Poland Leszek the White was assassinated during a diet of the Piast dukes.
• 1877 – Anna Sewell's influential animal welfare novel Black Beauty, one of the best-selling books of all time, was first published.
• 1922 – Irish Civil War: Author and Irish nationalist Robert Erskine Childers was executed by the Irish Free State for illegally carrying a semi-automatic pistol.
• 1963 – Businessman Jack Ruby shot (pictured) and fatally wounded Lee Harvey Oswald, the alleged assassin of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, during a live television broadcast, fueling conspiracy theories on the matter.
• 2012 – A fire at a clothing factory in the Ashulia district on the outskirts of Dhaka, Bangladesh, killed at least 117 people.

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On this day: November 23

November 23: National Sovereignty Day in Argentina; St George's Day in Georgia; Labor Thanksgiving Day in Japan

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

• 1733 – African slaves from Akwamu in the Danish West Indies revolted against their owners, one of the earliest and longest slave revolts in the Americas.
• 1867 – The Manchester Martyrs were hanged in Manchester, England, for killing a police officer while helping two Irish nationalists escape from police custody.
• 1963 – The first episode of Doctor Who, the world's longest-running science fiction television show, was broadcast on BBC television, starring William Hartnell as the first incarnation of the title role.
• 1955 – The Cocos Islands in the Indian Ocean were transferred from British to Australian control.
• 2005 – Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (pictured) won the Liberian general election, making her the first democratically elected female head of state in Africa.

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November 23 Wikipedia featured article

Nadine Gordimer

Burger's Daughter is a political and historical novel by the South African Nobel recipient Nadine Gordimer (pictured), first published in the United Kingdom in 1979 by Jonathan Cape. Banned in South Africa for three months by the Publications Control Board, the book follows a group of white anti-apartheid activists who seek to overthrow the South African government. Rosa, the title character, comes to terms with her father's legacy as an activist in the South African Communist Party. Gordimer was involved in the anti-apartheid movement and knew many of the activists, including Bram Fischer, the defence lawyer at Nelson Mandela's treason trial; she has described the book as a "coded homage" to him. The novel was generally well received by critics; a review in The New York Review of Books described the style of writing as "elegant" and "fastidious", belonging to a "cultivated upper class". In 1980 it won the Central News Agency Literary Award. When Gordimer won the 1991 Nobel Prize in Literature, Burger's Daughter was one of the books cited during the awards ceremony. (Full article...)

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On this day: November 22

November 22: Feast of Christ the King (Roman Catholic Church, 2015); Alphabet Day in Albania (1908); Independence Day in Lebanon (1943)

Angela Merkel

• 1635 – Dutch colonial forces on Taiwan launched a three-month pacification campaign against Taiwanese aborigines.
• 1831 – After a bloody battle with the military causing 600 casualties, rebellious silkworkers seized Lyon, France, beginning the First Canut Revolt.
• 1975 – Two days after the death of Francisco Franco, Juan Carlos I was declared King of Spain according to the law of succession promulgated by Franco.
• 1995 – Toy Story, the first feature film created using only computer-generated imagery, was released.
• 2005 – Angela Merkel (pictured) assumed office as the first female Chancellor of Germany.

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November 22 Wikipedia featured article

Depiction of King Harold

Very little is known for certain of the ancestry of the Godwins, the family of the last Anglo-Saxon King of England, Harold II. When King Edward the Confessor died in January 1066 the legitimate heir was his great-nephew, Edgar Ætheling, but he was young and lacked powerful supporters. Harold was the head of the most powerful family in England and Edward's brother-in-law, and he became king. In September 1066 Harold defeated and killed King Harald Hardrada of Norway at the Battle of Stamford Bridge, and Harold was himself defeated and killed the following month by William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings. The family is named after Harold's father, Earl Godwin, who had risen to a position of wealth and influence under King Cnut in the 1020s. In 1045 Godwin's daughter, Edith, married King Edward the Confessor, and by the mid-1050s Harold and his brothers had become dominant, almost monopolising the English earldoms. Godwin was probably the son of Wulfnoth Cild, a South Saxon thegn, but Wulfnoth's ancestry is disputed. A few genealogists argue that he was descended from Alfred the Great's elder brother, King Æthelred I, but almost all historians of Anglo-Saxon England reject this theory. (Full article...)

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November 21 Wikipedia featured article

Disaster Peak, in the range's Nevada portion

The Trout Creek Mountains are a Great Basin range in Oregon and Nevada in the United States. Oriented generally north–south, the mountains consist mostly of fault blocks of basalt, while the southern end has granitic outcrops. Overall, the faulted terrain is dominated by rolling hills cut by canyons. Most of the range is federal land, and there is little human development, apart from cattle ranching. The public land, dominated by big sagebrush and desert grasses, is open to recreation but is rarely visited. Sage grouse and mountain chickadee are two native bird species, and pronghorn and jackrabbit are common mammals. Despite a dry climate, rare Lahontan cutthroat trout persist in a few streams after declining for much of the 20th century. In the 1980s, the effects of grazing on riparian zones and fish led to land-use conflict. The Trout Creek Mountain Working Group was formed in 1988 to resolve disagreements among ranchers, environmentalists, government agencies, and other parties. Stakeholders agreed on changes to land-use practices, and since the early 1990s, riparian zones have begun to recover. (Full article...)

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On this day: November 20

November 20: Universal Children's Day

Nuremberg trial defendants

• 284 – Diocletian became Roman emperor, eventually establishing reforms that ended the Crisis of the Third Century.
• 1776 – American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Fort Lee marked the invasion of New Jersey by British and Hessian forces and the subsequent general retreat of the Continental Army.
• 1845 – Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata: The Argentine Confederation were defeated in the Battle of Vuelta de Obligado, but the losses ultimately made the United Kingdom and France give up the blockade.
• 1945 – The Nuremberg trials (defendants pictured) of 24 leading Nazis involved in the Holocaust and various war crimes during World War II began in Nuremberg, Germany.
• 1979 – A group of armed insurgents attacked and took over the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, declaring that one of their leaders, Muhammad bin abd Allah al-Qahtani, was the Mahdi, the prophesied redeemer of Islam.

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November 20 Wikipedia featured article

State Route 75 (SR 75) is a 13-mile (21 km) expressway in San Diego County, California. It is a loop route of Interstate 5 that begins near Imperial Beach, heading west on Palm Avenue. The route continues north along the Silver Strand, a thin strip of land bordering San Diego Bay, through Silver Strand State Beach. SR 75 passes through the city of Coronado as Orange Avenue (pictured) and continues onto the San Diego–Coronado Bay Bridge over the bay, before joining back with Interstate 5 near downtown San Diego at a freeway interchange. Orange Avenue dates from the late 19th century, and the Silver Strand Highway was open to the public by 1924. What would become SR 75 was added to the state highway system in 1933 and designated Legislative Route 199 in 1935. SR 75 was not officially designated until the 1964 state highway renumbering. The Coronado Bay Bridge opened in 1969, providing a direct connection between San Diego and Coronado. SR 75 is marked as a scenic route for nearly its entire length. (Full article...)

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November 19 Wikipedia featured article

Luis Miguel

Romance is the eighth studio album by Mexican singer Luis Miguel (pictured), released by WEA Latina in 1991. After songwriter Juan Carlos Calderón pulled out of a collaboration on pop songs and ballads, Miguel recorded an album of classic boleros instead, at the suggestion of his manager. Singer-songwriter Armando Manzanero co-produced the album with Miguel, with arrangements by Bebu Silvetti. Miguel promoted the record with a tour of the United States and Latin America. The songs were generally well received by music critics, who praised the singing and production, and Miguel received a Grammy nomination for Best Latin Pop Album. Romance sold over seven million copies worldwide. In the United States, it spent 32 weeks at number one on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums chart, and was the first Spanish-language album by a non-crossover Latin artist to be certified gold; it was also certified gold in Brazil and Taiwan. Romance is the third-bestselling album of all time in Mexico, and the bestselling record in Argentina by a non-native artist. The album revived interest in bolero music, and Miguel released three more bolero records between 1994 and 2001. (Full article...)

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On this day: November 19

November 19: International Men's Day; World Toilet Day; Liberation Day in Mali

Reagan and Gorbachev in Geneva

• 1493 – Christopher Columbus became the first European to land on Puerto Rico, naming it San Juan Bautista after John the Baptist.
• 1816 – The University of Warsaw, currently the largest university in Poland, was established as Congress Poland found itself a territory without a university.
• 1942 – World War II: Soviet troops launched Operation Uranus at the Battle of Stalingrad, with the goal of encircling Axis forces, turning the tide of the battle in the Soviet Union's favour.
• 1985 – Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and US President Ronald Reagan (both pictured) held the first of five summit meetings between them in Geneva.
• 2005 – Iraq War: A group of United States Marines allegedly massacred twenty-four people in the town of Haditha in Iraq.

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