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jeudi 30 novembre 2017

November 30 Wikipedia featured article

Fallout 4: Far Harbor is an expansion pack for the 2015 video game Fallout 4, developed by Bethesda Game Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks. It was released in May 2016 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One. In the aftermath of a cataclysmic nuclear war, the player character is recruited by a detective agency to investigate the disappearance of a young girl. The game's quests and puzzles can be played in first-person or third-person perspective. The puzzles feature a variety of game mechanics, including lasers and building blocks. The expansion was influenced by player feedback, which faulted the base game's dialogue system and showed interest in additional explorable territory. Reviews from critics were generally favorable; the addition of new quests was praised, but there were mixed opinions on the game's atmosphere and its use of fog. The main criticisms were directed at the puzzles, which reviewers thought were a waste of time, unnecessary, or overly frustrating. (Full article...)



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On this day: November 30

November 30: Saint Andrew's Day in various countries

WTO protestors in Seattle
WTO protestors in Seattle

Emeric, King of Hungary (d. 1204) · William-Adolphe Bouguereau (b. 1825) · Shawna Robinson (b. 1964)

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mercredi 29 novembre 2017

November 29 Wikipedia featured article

Josephine Butler in 1851

Josephine Butler (1828–1906) was an English feminist and social reformer in the Victorian era. She campaigned for women's suffrage and better education for women. She was instrumental in the 1886 repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts, which had subjected prostitutes to invasive medical examinations, and she founded an organisation to combat similar practices across Europe. After she became aware that English women and children were being sold into prostitution on the continent, her allegations led to the sacking of a Belgian police commissionaire and the imprisonment of his deputy and 12 brothel owners. Josephine fought child prostitution with help from the campaigning editor of The Pall Mall Gazette, William Thomas Stead, leading to the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885, which raised the age of consent from 13 to 16 years of age. Her final campaign came in the late 1890s, against medical mistreatment of prostitutes in the British Raj. She wrote more than 90 books and pamphlets, including three biographies. Her Christian feminism is celebrated by the Church of England with a Lesser Festival, and Durham University named one of their colleges after her. (Full article...)



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On this day: November 29

November 29

Queen Maria I of Portugal
Queen Maria I of Portugal

Claudio Monteverdi (d. 1643) · Christian Doppler (b. 1803) · Adam Clayton Powell Jr. (b. 1908)

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mardi 28 novembre 2017

November 28 Wikipedia featured article

"X-Cops" is the twelfth episode of the seventh season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files. Directed by Michael Watkins and written by Vince Gilligan, the installment originally aired on the Fox network in February 2000. In this episode, Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson), special agents for the Federal Bureau of Investigation, are interviewed for the Fox network reality television program Cops during an X-Files investigation. Mulder, hunting what he believes to be a werewolf, discovers that the monster terrorizing people craves the fear it provokes. While Mulder embraces the publicity of Cops, Scully is more uncomfortable about appearing on national television. "X-Cops" is one of only two X-Files episodes that was shot in real time. The episode has been thematically analyzed for its use of postmodernism and its presentation as reality television. The episode has been named among the best episodes of The X-Files by several reviewers, for its humor and format. (Full article...)



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On this day: November 28

November 28: Declaration of Independence of Albania (1912)

Coat of arms of the Royal Society
Coat of arms of the Royal Society

William Blake (b. 1757) · Adina Emilia De Zavala (b. 1861) · Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque (d. 1947)

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lundi 27 novembre 2017

On this day: November 27

November 27

First Eddystone Lighthouse
First Eddystone Lighthouse

Horace (d. 8 BC) · Jacopo Mazzoni (b. 1548) · Georg Forster (b. 1754)

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November 27 Wikipedia featured article

The Battle of Winterthur (27 May 1799) was fought between French forces under André Masséna and elements of the Austrian army under Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze during the War of the Second Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars. The town of Winterthur lies 18 kilometers (11 mi) northeast of Zürich, in Switzerland. Any army holding the town, at the junction of seven crossroads, controlled access to most of Switzerland and entry points into southern Germany. By mid-May 1799, the Austrians had wrested control of parts of Switzerland from the French. After defeating Jean-Baptiste Jourdan's 25,000-man Army of the Danube at the battles of Ostrach and Stockach, the Austrian army prepared to unite its three main forces on the plains surrounding Zürich. The French Army of Switzerland and the Army of the Danube, now both under the command of Masséna, sought to prevent this merger. The Austrians pushed the French out of the Winterthur highlands and consolidated their forces on the plateau north of Zürich, leading to the French defeat in the First Battle of Zürich a few days later. (Full article...)



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dimanche 26 novembre 2017

On this day: November 26

November 26: Feast day of Sylvester Gozzolini, and Feast of Christ the King (Catholic Church, 2017); Constitution Day in India (1949)

University of Notre Dame main building
University of Notre Dame main building

Sojourner Truth (d. 1883) • Helen C. White (b. 1896) • Tina Turner (b. 1939)

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November 26 Wikipedia featured article

Shoulder patch worn during the First World War

The 38th (Welsh) Infantry Division of the British Army was active during the First and the Second World War. The division arrived in France in 1915. In July 1916 at the Battle of the Somme, it captured the strongly held Mametz Wood with the loss of nearly 4,000 men, allowing XV Corps to advance to the next phase of the Somme offensive, the Battle of Bazentin Ridge. A year later it made a successful attack in the Battle of Pilckem Ridge, the opening of the Third Battle of Ypres. In 1918, during the German Spring Offensive and the Allies' subsequent Hundred Days Offensive, the division attacked several fortified German positions. It crossed the Ancre River, broke through the Hindenburg Line and German positions on the River Selle, and ended the war on the Belgian frontier; by then, it was considered one of the Army's elite units. The division was demobilised after the war. It was recreated in September 1939, but never deployed overseas as a division, restricted to home defence duties around the United Kingdom. It was constituted from September 1944 until the end of the war as the 38th Infantry (Reserve) Division, a training formation. (Full article...)



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samedi 25 novembre 2017

On this day: November 25

November 25: Evacuation Day in New York (1783); Holodomor Remembrance Day in Ukraine (2017)

Schutztruppe at the Battle of Ngomano
Schutztruppe at the Battle of Ngomano

Osanna of Cattaro (b. 1493) · Hu Zongxian (d. 1565) · Josie Fitial (b. 1962)

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November 25 Wikipedia featured article

New Worlds is a British science fiction magazine that began in 1936 as a fanzine called Novae Terrae. It was first published professionally in 1946, edited by John Carnell. It was the leading British science fiction publication during the period to 1960 described by historian Mike Ashley as the magazine's "Golden Age". Early issues featured John Wyndham's "The Living Lies", under his John Beynon alias, and "Inheritance", an early story by Arthur C. Clarke. "Escapement" by J. G. Ballard appeared in the December 1956 issue; this was Ballard's first professionally published work, and he went on to become a significant figure in science fiction in the 1960s. After 1964, when Michael Moorcock became editor, the magazine featured experimental and avant-garde material, and it became the focus of the modernist New Wave of science fiction. Reaction among the science fiction community was mixed, with partisans and opponents of the New Wave debating the merits of New Worlds in the columns of fanzines, such as Speculation. Several of the regular contributors during this period, including Brian Aldiss and Thomas M. Disch, became major names in science fiction. (Full article...)



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vendredi 24 novembre 2017

On this day: November 24

November 24

Ruby about to shoot Oswald
Ruby about to shoot Oswald

Magnús Óláfsson (d. 1265) · William Webb Ellis (b. 1806) · Anna Jarvis (d. 1948)

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November 24 Wikipedia featured article

Black vulture

The black vulture (Coragyps atratus) is a bird in the New World vulture family commonly found from the southeastern United States to Central Chile and Uruguay in South America. Despite the similar name and appearance, this species is unrelated to the Eurasian black vulture, an Old World vulture in the family Accipitridae (which includes eagles, hawks, kites and harriers). The American species is the only extant member of the New World vulture genus Coragyps in the family Cathartidae. It inhabits relatively open areas near scattered forests or shrublands. With a wingspan of 1.5 m (4.9 ft), it is a large bird though relatively small for a vulture. It has black plumage, a featherless, grayish-black head and neck, and a short, hooked beak. The black vulture is a scavenger and feeds on carrion, but will also eat eggs or kill newborn animals. In areas populated by humans, it also feeds at garbage dumps. It finds its meals with its keen eyesight and sense of smell. Lacking a syrinx—the vocal organ of birds—its only vocalizations are grunts or low hisses. (Full article...)



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jeudi 23 novembre 2017

On this day: November 23

November 23: Labor Thanksgiving Day in Japan

IBM Simon
IBM Simon

Richard Hakluyt (d. 1616) · Mary Brewster Hazelton (b. 1868) · Mary Whitehouse (d. 2001)

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November 23 Wikipedia featured article

Smog over New York City in 1953
Similar smog in 1953

The 1966 New York City smog (November 23–26) was an air-pollution event, with damaging levels of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, smoke, and haze. Coming during the Thanksgiving holiday weekend, it was the third major smog in New York City, after a similar event in 1953 (pictured) and another in 1963. Leaders of local and state governments announced an alert and asked residents and industry to take voluntary steps to minimize emissions. Health officials advised people with respiratory or heart conditions to stay indoors. The alert ended after a cold front dispersed the smog. It was an environmental disaster with severe public health effects, including 168 deaths, according to a statistical analysis. The smog catalyzed greater national awareness of air pollution as a serious health problem, and became a political issue. With support from presidents Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard Nixon, a series of bills and amendments aimed at regulating air pollution culminated in the 1967 Air Quality Act and the 1970 Clean Air Act. (Full article...)



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mercredi 22 novembre 2017

On this day: November 22

November 22: Alphabet Day in Albania (1908)

China Clipper
China Clipper

As-Salih Ayyub (d. 1249) · Serranus Clinton Hastings (b. 1814) · Hans Adolf Krebs (d. 1981)

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November 22 Wikipedia featured article

Drawing of a sea mink published by the Canadian Field Naturalist in 1988

The sea mink (Neovison macrodon) was a mammal from the eastern coast of North America, in the family of weasels and otters in the order Carnivora. The largest of the minks, it was hunted to extinction by fur traders before 1903, when it was first given a species description. Some biologists classify it as a subspecies of the American mink. Estimates of its size are speculative, based largely on skull fragments recovered from Native American shell middens, and on tooth remains. Some information on its appearance and habits was provided by fur traders and Native Americans. It may have been similar in behavior to the American mink: it probably maintained home ranges, was polygynandrous, and had a similar diet, supplemented by saltwater prey. Sea minks were commonly trapped along the coast of the Bay of Fundy in the Gulf of Maine. Remains have been found along the New England coast, and there were regular reports of unusually large mink furs, probably sea mink, being collected from Nova Scotia. (Full article...)



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mardi 21 novembre 2017

On this day: November 21

November 21 Wikipedia featured article

Westbound I-96 as it passes under Sternberg Road approaching US 31

Interstate 96 (I-96) is an Interstate Highway running 192 miles (309 km) roughly east–west entirely within the US state of Michigan, from east of Lake Michigan at US Highway 31 near Muskegon to I-75 near the Ambassador Bridge in Detroit. From Grand Rapids through Lansing to Detroit, the freeway parallels Grand River Avenue, never straying more than a few miles from the decommissioned US 16. Within the city of Detroit, the road was renamed the Rosa Parks Memorial Highway in 2005 in honor of the late civil rights pioneer. There are four auxiliary Interstate Highways as well as two current and four former business routes associated with I-96. Grand River Avenue originated as an Indian trail before Michigan statehood. It was later used as a wagon road across the state. In 1919 the roadway was included in the State Trunkline Highway System as M-16 and later the US Numbered Highway System as US 16. Construction of the freeway was started in 1956 and initially completed across the state to Detroit in 1962. I-96 was completed in the Detroit area on November 21, 1977. (Full article...)

Part of the Interstate 96 and the Interstate Highways in Michigan series, two of Wikipedia's featured topics.



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lundi 20 novembre 2017

On this day: November 20

November 20: Reciting the sermon on the night of the martyrdom of Imam Reza (Islam, 2017); Transgender Day of Remembrance; National Sovereignty Day in Argentina

Diocletian on a Roman coin
Diocletian on a Roman coin

Giovanni Battista Agucchi (b. 1570) · Gervase Helwys (d. 1615) · Cri-Zelda Brits (b. 1983)

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November 20 Wikipedia featured article

The name ship of the class Beograd (right) and the flotilla leader Dubrovnik in the Bay of Kotor after being captured by Italy

The Beograd class consisted of three destroyers built for the Royal Yugoslav Navy in the late 1930s, to a French design. Beograd was constructed in France, and Zagreb and Ljubljana were built in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, Zagreb was scuttled to prevent its capture, and the other two were seized by the Italians. The Royal Italian Navy operated the two captured ships as convoy escorts between Italy, the Aegean Sea and North Africa. One was lost in the Gulf of Tunis in April 1943; the other was seized by the Germans in September 1943 after the Italian surrender, and was operated by the German Navy. There are conflicting reports about the fate of the last ship, but it was lost in the final weeks of the war. In 1967, a French film was made about the scuttling of Zagreb. In 1973, the President of Yugoslavia and wartime Partisan leader Josip Broz Tito posthumously awarded the Order of the People's Hero to the two officers who scuttled Zagreb. (Full article...)



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dimanche 19 novembre 2017

On this day: November 19

November 19: International Men's Day; World Toilet Day; Liberation Day in Mali

Pelé in 1960
Pelé in 1960

Billy Sunday (b. 1862) · José Raúl Capablanca (b. 1888) Sun Li-jen (d. 1990)

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November 19 Wikipedia featured article

Freak Out! (1966) is the debut studio album by the American rock band the Mothers of Invention. One of rock music's first concept albums, it is a satirical expression of frontman Frank Zappa's perception of American pop culture. It was also one of the earliest double albums in rock music. It features Zappa on vocals and guitar, along with lead vocalist and tambourine player Ray Collins, bass player and vocalist Roy Estrada, drummer-vocalist Jimmy Carl Black and guitar player Elliot Ingber, who later joined Captain Beefheart's Magic Band under the name Winged Eel Fingerling. The musical content of Freak Out! ranges from rhythm and blues, doo-wop and standard blues-influenced rock to orchestral arrangements and avant-garde sound collages. The album was a success in Europe; in the United States, it was poorly received at first, but gradually gained a cult following. In 1999, the album was honored with the Grammy Hall of Fame Award, and in 2003, Rolling Stone ranked it among the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. (Full article...)



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