On this day: September 9

September 9: Independence Day in Tajikistan (1991)

Anne of Brittany

• 337 – After disposing of all relatives who possibly held a claim to the throne, Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans jointly became Roman emperors.
• 1488 – Anne became Duchess of Brittany, a central figure in the struggle for influence that led to the union of Brittany and France.
• 1739 – The Stono Rebellion, at the time the largest slave rebellion in the Thirteen Colonies of British America, erupted near Charleston, South Carolina.
• 1965 – Hurricane Betsy made its second landfall near New Orleans, Louisiana, US, leaving 76 dead and becoming the first hurricane to cause over $1 billion (unadjusted) in damage.
• 1990 – Sri Lankan Civil War: The Sri Lankan Army massacred at least 184 Tamil refugees in the Batticaloa District.

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September 9 Wikipedia featured article

Balch Creek is a 3.5-mile (5.6 km) tributary of the Willamette River in the U.S. state of Oregon. Beginning at the crest of the Tualatin Mountains, the creek flows generally east down a canyon and through Forest Park, a large municipal park in Portland. It then enters a pipe and remains underground until reaching the river. Danford Balch, after whom the creek is named, settled a land claim along the creek in the 19th century, and was the first person legally hanged in Oregon. Basalt, mostly covered by silt in the uplands and sediment in the lowlands, underlies the Balch Creek watershed, which includes the Audubon Society of Portland nature sanctuary. Mixed conifer forest with a well-developed understory of shrubs and flowering plants is the natural vegetation. Sixty-two species of mammals and more than 112 species of birds use Forest Park. A small population of coastal cutthroat trout resides in the stream, which in 2005 was the only major water body in Portland that met state standards for bacteria, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. Although nature reserves cover much of the upper and middle parts of the watershed, industrial sites dominate the lower part. (Full article...)

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On this day: September 8

September 8

Huey Long

• 1796 – French Revolutionary Wars: The French defeated Austrian forces in Bassano, Venetia, present-day Italy.
• 1831 – The Russian Empire brought the Polish November Uprising to an end when its troops captured Warsaw after a two-day assault.
• 1935 – US Senator Huey Long (pictured) was fatally shot in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
• 1941 – World War II: German forces severed the last land connection to Leningrad, beginning a 28-month siege that would result in the deaths of over 1 million of the city's civilians from starvation, making it one of the most lethal battles in world history.
• 1966 – Queen Elizabeth II opened the Severn Bridge, hailing it as the dawn of a new economic era for South Wales.

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September 8 Wikipedia featured article

Madonna in the Church is a small oil panel painting by the Early Netherlandish artist Jan van Eyck. Probably executed c. 1438–40, it shows the Virgin Mary in a Gothic cathedral holding the Child Jesus. She is presented as Queen of Heaven, wearing a jewel-studded crown and cradling a playful child who grips the hem of her dress. Light pours through the windows, illuminating the interior and culminating in two pools near her feet. Tracery at the rear of the church nave contains wooden carvings depicting episodes from her life. The work evidences the new approach and techniques applied to 15th-century oil painting but is still influenced by medieval, monumental Byzantine depictions of the Madonna; she is unrealistically large compared to her surroundings. Most art historians believe the panel began as the left wing of a since-dismantled diptych; its opposite wing was most likely a votive portrait. (Full article...)

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Une nouvelle opportunité de participer au blog (et les résultats du sondage et du concours)

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On this day: September 7

September 7: Independence Day in Brazil (1822); Labour Day in Canada and Labor Day in the United States (2015)

Luftwaffe bomber over Wapping

• 1571 – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, was arrested for his involvement in a plot to overthrow Queen Elizabeth I and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots.
• 1652 – Chinese peasants on Formosa (Taiwan) began a rebellion against Dutch rule before being suppressed four days later.
• 1778 – American Revolutionary War: France invaded the island of Dominica and captured the British fort there before the latter even knew that France had entered the war as an ally of the United States.
• 1940 – Second World War: The German Luftwaffe changed their strategy in the Battle of Britain and began bombing London and other British cities (pictured) and towns for over 50 consecutive nights.
• 1999 – Three weeks after an earthquake struck northwestern Turkey, a major earthquake struck Athens, causing Greece and Turkey to initiate "earthquake diplomacy".

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September 7 Wikipedia featured article

Caesar Hull, DFC (1914–1940) and Paterson Hughes, DFC (1917–1940) were Royal Air Force (RAF) flying aces of the Second World War. They were killed in action in the Battle of Britain on the same day, 7 September 1940. Raised in Southern Rhodesia, South Africa and Swaziland, Hull joined No. 43 Squadron in Sussex, England in 1935, and took part in the fighting for Narvik during the Norwegian Campaign in 1940. Hull was the RAF's first Gloster Gladiator ace and the most successful RAF pilot of the Norwegian Campaign. He later saw action as a Hawker Hurricane pilot during the Battle of Britain, in which he was killed while diving to the aid of an RAF comrade. Hughes was born and raised in Australia and took a commission with the RAF in 1937. Posted to No. 234 Squadron following the outbreak of war, he flew Supermarine Spitfires and was credited with seventeen victories during the Battle of Britain. His tally made him the highest-scoring Australian of the battle, and among the three highest-scoring Australians of the war. Hughes is generally thought to have died after his Spitfire was struck by flying debris from a German bomber that he had just shot down. (See Caesar Hull and Paterson Hughes.)

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On this day: September 6

September 6: Father's Day in Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and New Zealand (2015); Independence Day in Swaziland (1968)

Hipólito Yrigoyen

• 1781 – American Revolutionary War: General Benedict Arnold led British forces to victory in the Battle of Groton Heights.
• 1930 – Argentine President Hipólito Yrigoyen (pictured) was deposed in a military coup by José Félix Uriburu.
• 1955 – A Turkish mob attacked ethnic Greeks in Istanbul, killing at least 13 people and damaging more than 5,000 Greek-owned homes and businesses.
• 1995 – Baltimore Oriole shortstop Cal Ripken, Jr. played his 2131st consecutive major league baseball game, breaking the 56-year old record set by New York Yankee first baseman Lou Gehrig.
• 2000 – The Millennium Summit, a meeting of world leaders to discuss the role of the United Nations at the turn of the 21st century, opened in New York City.

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September 6 Wikipedia featured article

Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette (1757–1834), often called simply Lafayette, was a French aristocrat and military officer who fought for the United States in the American Revolutionary War. In 1775, he became convinced that the American cause was noble. In the United States, he was made a major general. He was wounded during the Battle of Brandywine and served with distinction in the Battle of Rhode Island. In 1781, troops in Virginia under his command blocked British forces, leading to the decisive Siege of Yorktown. Lafayette returned to France and was elected a member of the Estates-General of 1789. After the storming of the Bastille, he was made head of the National Guard, and tried to steer a middle course through the French Revolution. In August 1792, the radical factions ordered his arrest. Fleeing through Belgium, he was captured by Austrian troops and spent more than five years in prison. In 1824, President James Monroe invited Lafayette to the United States, where he met a rapturous reception. During France's July Revolution of 1830, he supported Louis-Philippe as king, but turned against him when the monarch became autocratic. (Full article...)

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September 5 Wikipedia featured article

Tom Simpson (1937–1967) was one of Britain's most successful professional cyclists. He began his career track cycling, specializing in pursuit races. In this discipline he won a bronze medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics and a silver at the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games. In 1959 Simpson moved to France and turned professional in road racing. In the 1962 Tour de France he became the first British rider to wear the yellow jersey. In 1965 he became Britain's first world road race champion. He won three Monument classic races: the 1961 Tour of Flanders, the 1964 Milan–San Remo and the 1965 Giro di Lombardia. At the 1967 Tour de France, he collapsed and died during the ascent of Mont Ventoux. He was 29 years old. The post-mortem examination found that he had mixed amphetamines and alcohol. He was known to have taken performance-enhancing drugs during his career, when no doping controls existed. Despite this, he is held in high esteem by many cyclists for his character and will to win. (Full article...)

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On this day: September 5

September 5: Krishna Janmashtami (Hinduism, 2015)

Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme

• 917 – Liu Yan declared himself emperor, establishing the Southern Han state in southern China, at his capital of Panyu (present-day Guangzhou).
• 1697 – War of the Grand Alliance: A French warship captured York Factory, a trading post of the Hudson's Bay Company in present-day Manitoba, Canada.
• 1914 – World War I: The First Battle of the Marne began with French forces engaging the advancing German army at the Marne River near Paris.
• 1945 – Cold War: Soviet cipher clerk Igor Gouzenko defected to Canada with over 100 documents on Soviet espionage activities and sleeper agents.
• 1975 – Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme (pictured), a devotee of Charles Manson, attempted to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford.

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On this day: September 4

September 4

Downtown Los Angeles

• 476 – Germanic leader Odoacer captured Ravenna, the capital of the Western Roman Empire, and deposed Emperor Romulus Augustus.
• 1781 – Los Angeles (downtown pictured) was founded as El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles de Porciúncula by 44 Spanish settlers.
• 1843 – Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies married Pedro II of Brazil at a state ceremony.
• 1912 – The Albanian Revolt of 1912 came to an end when the Ottoman government agreed to meet the rebels' demands.
• 1998 – Larry Page and Sergey Brin founded Google in Menlo Park, California, to promote the web search engine that they developed as Stanford University students.

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September 4 Wikipedia featured article

Model of a hemmema

A hemmema was a type of warship built for the Swedish archipelago fleet and the Russian Baltic Navy in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It was designed by Swedish naval architect Fredrik Henrik af Chapman in collaboration with Augustin Ehrensvärd, commander of the archipelago fleet. The hemmema was a specialized vessel for use in the shallow waters and narrow passages that surround the thousands of islands and islets extending from the Swedish capital of Stockholm into the Gulf of Finland. It replaced the galley as a coastal warship since it had better crew accommodations, was more seaworthy and heavily outgunned even the largest galleys. It could be propelled by either sails or oars but was still smaller and more maneuverable than most sailing warships, which made it suitable for operations in the confined waters. The 12 hemmemas that were built served on both sides of the Russo-Swedish War of 1788–90 and the Finnish War of 1808–09. (Full article...)

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2647 € par mois de Mars à Août 2015 : le bilan de ces 6 derniers mois

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On this day: September 3

September 3: Flag Day in Australia; Independence Day in Qatar (1971)

Wreckage of the USS Shenandoah

• 590 – Gregory I became pope, the first one to come from a monastic background.
• 1651 – English Parliamentarian forces under Oliver Cromwell won the Battle of Worcester, the final battle of the Third English Civil War.
• 1901 – The National Flag of Australia, a Blue Ensign defaced with the Commonwealth Star and the Southern Cross, flew for the first time atop the Royal Exhibition Building in Melbourne.
• 1925 – The USS Shenandoah, the U.S. Navy's first rigid airship, was torn apart in a squall line over Ohio (wreckage pictured).
• 1941 – The Holocaust: SS-Hauptsturmführer Karl Fritzsch first used the pesticide Zyklon B to execute Soviet POWs en masse at Auschwitz; eventually it was used to kill about 1.2 million people.

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September 3 Wikipedia featured article

A home destroyed by the hurricane

Hurricane Elena was an unpredictable and damaging tropical cyclone that affected the United States Gulf Coast in late August and early September 1985. Threatening popular tourist destinations during Labor Day weekend, Elena repeatedly defied forecasts, triggering an unprecedented series of evacuations; many residents and tourists were forced to leave twice in a matter of days. Elena's slow movement off western Florida resulted in severe beach erosion and damage to coastal buildings, roads, and seawalls. The hurricane devastated the Apalachicola Bay shellfish industry, killing off vast oyster beds and leaving thousands of workers unemployed. Farther west, Dauphin Island in Alabama endured wind gusts as high as 130 mph (210 km/h) and a significant storm surge. In Mississippi, over 13,000 homes were damaged and 200 were entirely destroyed. Overall, nine people died as a result of the hurricane: three in Florida, two in Louisiana, one in Arkansas, two in Texas from rip currents, and one in a maritime accident. Damage totaled about $1.3 billion, and power outages from the storm affected 550,000 homes and businesses. (Full article...)

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On this day: September 2

September 2: National Day in Vietnam (1945)

Shigemitsu signing the Instrument of Surrender

• 47 BC – Caesarion, possibly the son of Julius Caesar, became the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, ruling jointly with his mother Cleopatra.
• 1807 – The British Royal Navy began their bombardment of Copenhagen to capture the Dano-Norwegian navy.
• 1885 – White miners in Rock Springs, Wyoming, US, attacked Chinese immigrants, killing at least 28 Chinese miners and causing approximately US$150,000 in property damage.
• 1945 – On the deck of the United States Navy battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay, representatives from the Empire of Japan and several Allied Powers signed the Japanese Instrument of Surrender (pictured), formally ending World War II.
• 1990 – Transnistria unilaterally declared its independence from what was then the Moldavian SSR of the Soviet Union, but it remains only a partially recognised state.

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September 2 Wikipedia featured article

Heather Veitch

JC's Girls is an Evangelical Christian women's organization in the United States whose members preach the gospel to female workers in the sex industry. The group does not focus upon conversion but rather on communicating its message that Christians exist who are not judging female sex workers and are willing to accept them. Now based at The Rock Church in San Diego, the organization was founded in 2005 at Sandals Church in Riverside, California by Heather Veitch (pictured), a stripper for four years before becoming a Christian and leaving the sex industry in 1999. Terry Barone, spokesman of the California Southern Baptist Convention, said that JC's Girls members "are doing what Jesus did ... He ministered to prostitutes and tax collectors." Criticism of the organization has focused on the way that members dress and the fact that they do not explicitly encourage women in the sex industry to quit. Philip Sherwell of the Calgary Herald called the evangelism of JC's Girls "America's most unusual Christian outreach operation". (Full article...)

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On this day: September 1

September 1: Start of the Liturgical year (Eastern Orthodox Church); Constitution Day in Slovakia

King Louis XIV

• 1715 – Louis XIV of France (pictured), the "Sun King", died after a reign of 72 years, longer than any other French or other major European monarch at the time.
• 1878 – Hired by Alexander Graham Bell, Emma Nutt became the world's first female telephone operator.
• 1902 – The first science fiction film, titled A Trip to the Moon and based on From the Earth to the Moon by Jules Verne, was released in France.
• 1939 – Nazi Germany invaded Poland at Wieluń and Westerplatte, starting World War II in Europe.
• 1969 – A bloodless coup d'état led by Muammar Gaddafi overthrew Idris I of Libya.

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September 1 Wikipedia featured article

Acacia pycnantha, commonly known as the golden wattle, is a tree of the family Fabaceae native to southeastern Australia. It grows to a height of 8 m (25 ft) and has sickle-shaped phyllodes (flattened leaf stalks) instead of true leaves. The profuse fragrant, golden flowers appear in late winter and spring, followed by long seed pods. Plants are cross-pollinated by several species of thornbill and honeyeater, which visit nectaries on the phyllodes and brush against flowers, transferring pollen between them. An understorey plant in eucalyptus forest, it is native to southern New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, and southeastern South Australia. Explorer Thomas Mitchell collected the type specimen, from which George Bentham wrote the species description in 1842. Its bark produces more tannin than any other wattle species, resulting in its commercial cultivation for production of this compound. It has been widely grown as an ornamental garden plant and for cut flower production, but has become a weed in South Africa, Tanzania, Italy, Portugal, Sardinia, India, Indonesia, and New Zealand, as well as Western Australia, Tasmania and New South Wales. It was made the official floral emblem of Australia in 1988, and has been featured on the country's postal stamps. (Full article...)

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