On this day: March 19

March 19: Father's Day in various countries; St Joseph's Day (Western Christianity)

Clara Zetkin

• 1279 – Emperor Bing, the last emperor of the Song dynasty, died during the Battle of Yamen, bringing the dynasty to an end after three centuries.
• 1911 – Socialist German politician Clara Zetkin (pictured) established the first International Women's Day.
• 1941 – The Tuskegee Airmen, the first all-African American unit of the United States Army Air Corps, was activated.
• 1962 – Highly influential American musician Bob Dylan released his eponymous debut album.
• 2008 – The gamma-ray burst GRB 080319B, the farthest object that could be seen by the naked eye, was observed.

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March 19 Wikipedia featured article

Eraserhead is a 1977 American surrealist body horror film written and directed by filmmaker David Lynch. Shot in black-and-white, it is Lynch's first feature-length film, coming after several short works. Starring Jack Nance, Charlotte Stewart, Jeanne Bates, Judith Anna Roberts, Laurel Near, and Jack Fisk, it tells the story of Henry Spencer (Nance), who is left to care for his grossly deformed child in a desolate industrial landscape. Eraserhead spent several years in principal photography because of the difficulty of funding the film. It was produced with the assistance of the American Film Institute during the director's time studying there, and donations from Fisk and his wife Sissy Spacek kept production afloat. Lynch and sound designer Alan Splet spent a year working on the film's audio. Eraserhead earned positive reviews, especially for its intricate sound design, but only gained popularity after several long runs as a midnight movie. Its surrealist imagery and sexual undercurrents have been seen as key thematic elements. In 2004 the film was preserved in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress. (Full article...)

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March 18 Wikipedia featured article

The Quietly Confident Quartet was the self-given name of the Australian men's 4 × 100 metres medley relay swimming team that won the gold medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. This was the only year since its inception that the event has not been won by the United States, which was boycotting the Moscow Olympics after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The quartet consisted of backstroker Mark Kerry, breaststroker Peter Evans, butterflyer Mark Tonelli and freestyler Neil Brooks. Tonelli, the oldest at 23, was also a spokesperson for the Australian athletes' campaign to compete at the Olympics against the wishes of the Fraser Government. All four clashed with swimming authorities over disciplinary issues, and three were suspended or expelled from the Australian team. After the backstroke leg, Australia was in fourth place and more than a second behind, but Evans was the fastest breaststroker, moving into second position at the halfway point, and Tonelli completed his leg in a personal best time. Brooks overtook the Soviet swimmer Sergey Kopliakov in the latter half of the final leg to secure a narrow victory. (Full article...)

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On this day: March 18

March 18: Flag Day in Aruba (1976)

Adolphe Thiers

• 1241 – First Mongol invasion of Poland: Mongols overwhelmed the Polish armies of Sandomierz and Kraków provinces in the Battle of Chmielnik and plundered the abandoned city of Kraków.
• 1741 – New York governor George Clarke's complex at Fort George was destroyed by a fire supposedly set by slaves, starting the New York Conspiracy of 1741.
• 1871 – French President Adolphe Thiers ordered the evacuation of Paris after an uprising broke out as the result of France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, leading to the establishment of the Paris Commune government.
• 1906 – Romanian inventor Traian Vuia became the first person to fly a heavier-than-air monoplane with an unassisted takeoff.
• 1996 – The deadliest fire in Philippine history burned a nightclub in Quezon City, leaving 162 dead.

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March 17 Wikipedia featured article

Final Fantasy Type-0 is a Japanese video game produced by Square Enix in 2011 for the PlayStation Portable (PSP). It is an action role-playing game where players take the role of Class Zero, a group of fourteen students skilled in magic who are recruited by their superiors into a war between the four nations of Orience. The players also engage in large-scale strategy-based battles on the world map, and have access to a multiplayer option during story missions and side quests. Developed by the same staff as Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII, Type-0 was designed as a departure from the traditions of the Final Fantasy series with its action-based gameplay and dark storyline. It was originally planned for both PSP and mobile, but the mobile version was cancelled in 2008. The game met with commercial success in Japan, and favorable reviews both in Japan and overseas. Plans for international versions were halted due to the flagging PSP market in the Western world. The first non-Japanese version of Type-0 was a fan translation into English in 2014. A high-definition remaster was released worldwide in 2015. (Full article...)

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On this day: March 17

March 17: Saint Patrick's Day

Sinking of the SS Utopia

• 455 – After arranging for the assassination of Valentinian III, Petronius Maximus seized the throne of the Western Roman Empire, only to be killed 11 weeks later during the sack of Rome.
• 1860 – The First Taranaki War began at Waitara, New Zealand, marking an important phase of the New Zealand land wars.
• 1891 – The transatlantic steamship SS Utopia accidentally collided with the battleship HMS Anson in the Bay of Gibraltar, sinking in less than twenty minutes (pictured) and killing 562.
• 1950 – The synthesis of californium, a radioactive transuranium element, was announced.
• 1991 – Nearly 70% of voters in nine Soviet republics agreed that the Soviet Union should be preserved in the Soviet Union referendum.

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Les lecteurs d’ABC Argent ont gagné 7321,67 euros !!!

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March 16 Wikipedia featured article

Hurricane Charley was the costliest tropical cyclone of the 1986 Atlantic hurricane season. The third tropical storm and second hurricane of the season, Charley formed as a subtropical low on August 13 along the Florida panhandle. It became a tropical storm on August 15 off the coast of South Carolina, then as a hurricane traversed eastern North Carolina. It weakened over the north Atlantic Ocean before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone on August 20. Its remnants remained identifiable until crossing the British Isles and dissipating on August 30. In the U.S. Hurricane Charley caused an estimated $15 million in damage (equivalent to $32.4 million in 2016). As an extratropical cyclone, Charley brought heavy rainfall and strong winds to Ireland and the United Kingdom, causing at least 11 deaths. Ireland saw a record for the greatest daily rainfall total in the country, 7.8 inches (200 mm). In the Dublin area, 451 buildings were flooded, some up to a depth of 8 ft (2.4 m). In the United Kingdom, the storm flooded rivers and brought down trees and power lines. (Full article...)

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On this day: March 16

March 16: Latvian Legion Day

Aldo Moro, during his detention by Red Brigades

• 1244 – Following their successful siege of Montségur, French royal forces burned about 210 Cathar Perfecti and unrepentant credentes.
• 1802 – The United States Congress authorized the establishment of the US Army Corps of Engineers in order to operate the US Military Academy at West Point, New York.
• 1926 – American scientist Robert H. Goddard launched the world's first liquid-fueled rocket, which flew for two-and-a-half seconds before falling to the ground.
• 1978 – Former Prime Minister of Italy Aldo Moro (pictured) was kidnapped in Rome by Mario Moretti and the Red Brigades.
• 1988 – Iran–Iraq War: Iraqi forces began attacking the Kurdish town of Halabja with chemical weapons, killing up to 5,000 people.

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March 15 Wikipedia featured article

State Route 78 is a state highway in California that runs from Oceanside east to Blythe, a few miles from Arizona. Its western terminus is at Interstate 5 in San Diego County and its eastern terminus is at Interstate 10 in Riverside County. The route is a freeway through the heavily populated cities of northern San Diego County and a two-lane highway running through the Cuyamaca Mountains to Julian. In Imperial County, it travels through the desert near the Salton Sea and passes through the city of Brawley before turning north into an area of sand dunes on the way to its terminus in Blythe. Portions of the route existed as early as 1900, and it was one of the original state highways designated in 1934. The freeway section in the North County of San Diego that connects Oceanside and Escondido was built in the middle of the 20th century in several stages, including a transitory stage known as the Vista Way Freeway, and has been improved several times. An expressway bypass of the city of Brawley was completed in 2012. There are many projects slated to improve the freeway due to increasing congestion. (Full article...)

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On this day: March 15

March 15: Ides of March; National Day in Hungary (1848)

Pancho Villa

• 1783 – A potential uprising in Newburgh, New York, was defused when George Washington asked Continental Army officers to support the supremacy of Congress.
• 1892 – Liverpool F.C., one of England's most successful football clubs, was founded.
• 1916 – Six days after Pancho Villa (pictured) and his cross-border raiders attacked Columbus, New Mexico, US General John J. Pershing led a punitive expedition into Mexico to pursue Villa.
• 1941 – Philippine Airlines, the flag carrier of the Philippines took its first flight, making it the oldest commercial airline in Asia operating under its original name.
• 2011 – Arab Spring: Protests erupted across Syria against the authoritarian government.

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March 14 Wikipedia featured article

Sarcoscypha coccinea, commonly known as the scarlet elf cup, is a species of fungus in the family Sarcoscyphaceae of the order Pezizales. Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, it has been found in Africa, Asia, Europe, North and South America, and Australia. It grows on decaying sticks and branches in damp spots on forest floors, generally buried under leaf litter or in the soil. The cup-shaped fruit bodies are usually produced during the cooler months of winter and early spring. The brilliant red interiors of the cups, from which the common and scientific names are derived, contrast with the lighter exteriors. The edibility of the fruit bodies is not clearly established, but their small size, tough texture and insubstantial fruitings would dissuade most people from collecting for the table. The fungus has been used medicinally by the Oneida Indians, and as a colorful component of table decorations in England. The species Molliardiomyces eucoccinea is an imperfect form of the fungus that lacks a sexually reproductive stage in its life cycle. (Full article...)

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On this day: March 14

March 14: Clean Monday (Eastern Christianity, 2016); New Year's Day (Sikhs); White Day in East Asia; Commonwealth Day in the Commonwealth of Nations (2016); Pi Day (United States)

A cotton gin

• 1794 – American inventor Eli Whitney patented the cotton gin (pictured), the first ever machine that quickly and easily separated cotton fibers from their seedpods.
• 1885 – The Mikado, Gilbert and Sullivan's most frequently performed Savoy opera, debuted at the Savoy Theatre in London.
• 1931 – Alam Ara, the first Indian film with sound, was released.
• 1978 – Israeli–Lebanese conflict: The Israel Defense Forces began Operation Litani, invading and occupying southern Lebanon, and pushing PLO troops north up to the Litani River.
• 1991 – The "Birmingham Six", wrongly convicted of the 1974 Birmingham pub bombings in England, were released after sixteen years in prison.

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March 13 Wikipedia featured article

Asahi was a pre-dreadnought battleship built in Britain for the Imperial Japanese Navy in the late 1890s. As flagship of the Standing Fleet, Asahi was in every major naval battle of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05. The ship saw no combat during World War I, but participated in the Siberian Intervention in 1918. Reclassified as a coastal defence ship in 1921, Asahi was disarmed two years later to meet the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty, then served as a training and submarine depot ship. The ship was modified for marine salvage and rescue before being placed in reserve in 1928. Asahi was recommissioned in late 1937, after the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, and used to transport Japanese troops. In 1938 the ship was converted into a repair ship and based first at Japanese-occupied Shanghai, China, and then Camranh Bay, French Indochina, from late 1938 to 1941. The ship was transferred to occupied Singapore in early 1942 to help repair a damaged light cruiser and ordered to return home in May. Asahi was sunk en route by the American submarine USS Salmon, but most of the crew survived. (Full article...)

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On this day: March 13

March 13: Passion Sunday (Anglicanism, 2016)

Uranus, as seen by Voyager 2

• 624 – Led by Muhammad, the Muslims of Medina defeated the Quraysh of Mecca in Badr, present-day Saudi Arabia.
• 1781 – German-born astronomer and composer William Herschel discovered the planet Uranus (pictured) while in the garden of his house in Bath, Somerset, thinking it was a comet.
• 1845 – German composer Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto, one of the most popular and most frequently performed violin concertos of all time, was first played in Leipzig.
• 1943 – The Holocaust: Nazi German troops began liquidating the Jewish Ghetto in Kraków, Poland, sending about 8,000 Jews deemed able to work to the Plaszow labor camp, with the rest either killed or sent to Auschwitz.
• 1986 – Claiming the right of innocent passage, American warships USS Yorktown and USS Caron entered the Soviet territorial waters in the Black Sea, inciting Soviet combat readiness.

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March 12 Wikipedia featured article

Isabella Beeton (1836–1865) was an English journalist and editor, and the author of Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management. She married Samuel Orchart Beeton, an ambitious publisher and magazine editor, in 1856. Less than a year later, she began writing for one of his publications, The Englishwoman's Domestic Magazine. She translated French fiction and wrote the cookery column, though all the recipes were plagiarised from other works, or sent in by the magazine's readers. In 1859 the Beetons launched a series of 48-page monthly supplements to the magazine; the 24 instalments were published in one volume as the Book of Household Management in October 1861, which sold 60,000 copies in the first year. Isabella was working on an abridged version of her book when she died of puerperal fever at the age of 28. She had given birth to four children, two of whom died in infancy, and had had several miscarriages. Two of her biographers posit the theory that Samuel had unknowingly contracted syphilis in a premarital liaison with a prostitute, and had passed the condition on to his wife. (Full article...)

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On this day: March 12

March 12: World Day Against Cyber Censorship

Juliette Gordon Low, by Edward Hughes

• 1864 – American Civil War: The Union Army began the ill-fated Red River Campaign, in which not a single objective was fully accomplished.
• 1881 – Andrew Watson made his debut with the Scotland national football team and became the world's first black international football player.
• 1912 – Juliette Gordon Low (pictured) founded a youth organization for girls that grew into the Girl Scouts of the USA.
• 1934 – Supported by the Estonian Army, Konstantin Päts staged a coup d'état, beginning the Era of Silence.
• 1993 – A series of thirteen coordinated bomb explosions took place in Bombay, India, killing over 250 civilians and injuring over 700 others.

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March 11 Wikipedia featured article

The Morgan dollar coin was minted from 1878 to 1904, and again in 1921. It is named for its designer, U.S. Mint Assistant Engraver George T. Morgan. The obverse depicts a profile portrait representing Liberty, while the reverse depicts an eagle with wings outstretched. The Coinage Act of 1873, which stopped the minting of silver dollars, was reversed by a series of laws supporting production of the Morgan dollar. The Bland–Allison Act of 1878 required the Treasury to purchase between two and four million dollars' worth of silver at market value to be coined into dollars each month. In 1890 that act was repealed by the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, which required the Treasury to purchase 4,500,000 troy ounces (140,000 kg) of silver each month, but this act too was repealed, in 1893. An 1898 law required all remaining bullion to be coined into silver dollars, and when those reserves were depleted in 1904, production of the Morgan dollar ended. The Pittman Act, passed in 1918, authorized the melting and recoining of millions of silver dollars, and the Morgan dollar resumed mintage for one year in 1921, before its replacement by the Peace dollar later the same year. (Full article...)

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On this day: March 11

March 11: Independence Day in Lithuania (1990)

Michelle Bachelet

• 1843 – Eta Carinae flared up to become the second brightest star in the night sky.
• 1851 – Italian Romantic composer Giuseppe Verdi's opera Rigoletto was first performed at La Fenice in Venice.
• 1946 – Rudolf Höss, the first commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp, was captured by British troops.
• 1978 – After hijacking a bus north of Tel Aviv, members of Palestine Liberation Organization faction Fatah engaged in a shootout with the Israel Police, resulting in the deaths of 38 civilians and most of the perpetrators.
• 2006 – Michelle Bachelet (pictured) was inaugurated as the first female President of Chile.

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March 10 Wikipedia featured article

Windmill at Wijk bij Duurstede

Jacob van Ruisdael (c. 1629 – 1682) was a prolific and versatile Dutch artist, generally considered the pre-eminent landscape painter of the Dutch Golden Age. During this period of great wealth and cultural achievement when Dutch painting became highly popular, his father and uncle were also landscape artists. His earliest works, dating from 1646, show remarkable quality for his age. He moved from his Haarlem birthplace to Amsterdam around 1657, where he lived until his death. Ruisdael painted a wide variety of landscape subjects, including Dutch countryside scenes, city panoramas, seascapes, and Scandinavian waterfalls. The sky often takes up two thirds of the canvas. His accurate rendering of trees was unprecedented, and he is particularly known for his paintings of mills, such as Windmill at Wijk bij Duurstede (pictured). Ruisdael shaped landscape painting traditions worldwide, influencing the English Romantics, the French Barbizon School, and the American Hudson River School, as well as generations of Dutch landscape artists. The National Gallery, the Rijksmuseum, and the Hermitage Museum hold the largest collections of his paintings. (Full article...)

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