June 23: Victory Day in Estonia; Jāņi in Latvia; Grand Duke's Official Birthday in Luxembourg
- 1280 – Reconquista: Troops of the Emirate of Granada defeated those of the Kingdom of Castile and the Kingdom of León in the Battle of Moclín.
- 1858 – Edgardo Mortara, a six-year-old Jewish boy, was seized by papal authorities and taken to be raised as a Roman Catholic, sparking an international controversy.
- 1894 – Led by French historian Pierre de Coubertin (pictured), an international congress at the Sorbonne in Paris founded the International Olympic Committee to reinstate the ancient Olympic Games.
- 1972 – Title IX of the United States Civil Rights Act of 1964 was amended to prohibit gender discrimination in any educational program receiving federal funds, which allowed for huge growth in women's sports for student athletes.
- 1985 – A bomb attributed to the Sikh separatist group Babbar Khalsa destroyed Air India Flight 182 above the Atlantic Ocean, killing all 329 on board.
- More anniversaries:
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