- 1783 – Iceland's Laki craters began an eight-month eruption, triggering major famine and massive fluorine poisoning.
- 1887 – German-American statistician Herman Hollerith received a patent for his punch card tabulator.
- 1949 – Nineteen Eighty-Four, a dystopian political novel by English writer George Orwell (pictured) about life under the fictional totalitarian government of Oceania, was first published.
- 1995 – Danish-Greenlandic programmer Rasmus Lerdorf released the first version of the scripting language PHP, which is now used as the server-side language on nearly 40% of all web sites.
- 2009 – Two American journalists, having been arrested for illegal entry into North Korea, were sentenced to 12 years hard labor before being pardoned two months later.
- More anniversaries:
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