
August 31: Independence Day in Malaysia (1957) and Trinidad and Tobago (1962); National Heroes' Day in the Philippines (2015)
Sultan Abdul Hamid II
1813 – Peninsular War: At the Battle of San Marcial, the Spanish Army of Galicia under Manuel Alberto Freire turned back Nicolas Soult's last major offensive against Arthur Wellesley's allied army.
1876 – Abdul Hamid II (pictured) became Sultan of the Ottoman Empire when his brother Murad V was deposed.
1935...