On this day: August 31

August 31: Independence Day in Malaysia (1957) and Trinidad and Tobago (1962); National Heroes' Day in the Philippines (2015)

Sultan Abdul Hamid II

• 1813 – Peninsular War: At the Battle of San Marcial, the Spanish Army of Galicia under Manuel Alberto Freire turned back Nicolas Soult's last major offensive against Arthur Wellesley's allied army.
• 1876 – Abdul Hamid II (pictured) became Sultan of the Ottoman Empire when his brother Murad V was deposed.
• 1935 – In an effort to stay out of the growing European conflict, the United States passed the first of its Neutrality Acts.
• 1945 – The Liberal Party of Australia, one of the two major Australian political parties, was founded to replace the United Australia Party.
• 1965 – The Aero Spacelines Super Guppy, a large, wide-bodied cargo aircraft used for ferrying outsized cargo components, made its first flight.

• More anniversaries:
  • August 30
  • August 31
  • September 1

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