- 661 – With the assassination of Ali, the fourth Sunni Rashidun Caliph and first Shia Imam, the Rashidun Caliphate, the first Arab caliphate founded after Muhammad's death in 632, effectively ended.
- 1863 – Indian Wars in North America: The United States Army led by Patrick Edward Connor massacred Chief Bear Hunter and forces of the Shoshone at the Bear River Massacre in present day Franklin County, Idaho.
- 1944 – World War II: At least 38 people were killed and about a dozen injured when the Polish village of Koniuchy (present-day Kaniūkai, Lithuania) was attacked by Soviet partisan units.
- 1991 – Gulf War: The Battle of Khafji, the first major ground engagement of the war, as well as its deadliest, began.
- 2006 – India's Irfan Pathan (pictured) became the first bowler to take a Test cricket hat-trick in the opening over of a match.
- More anniversaries:
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