August 7: Raksha Bandhan (Hinduism, 2017); Assyrian Martyrs Day (1933)
- 1461 – Ming general Cao Qin staged a failed coup against the Emperor Yingzong.
- 1782 – The Badge of Military Merit, the precursor to the United States' Purple Heart award, was established as a military decoration in the Continental Army.
- 1933 – An estimated 3,000 Assyrians were slaughtered by Iraqi troops during the Simele massacre in the Dahuk and Mosul districts.
- 1942 – World War II: U.S. Marines initiated the first American offensive of the Guadalcanal Campaign with landings (pictured) on Guadalcanal and Tulagi in the Solomon Islands.
- 1987 – Lynne Cox became the first person to swim across the Bering Strait, crossing from Little Diomede to Big Diomede in 2 hours and 5 minutes.
Joseph Marie Jacquard (d. 1834) · Richard Sykes (b. 1942) · Frances Oldham Kelsey (d. 2015)
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