- 1268 – A coalition of Russian medieval states defeated the Livonian Brothers of the Sword at the Battle of Wesenberg near present-day Rakvere, Estonia.
- 1873 – Vasil Levski (pictured), the national hero of Bulgaria, was executed in Sofia by Ottoman authorities for his efforts to establish an independent Bulgarian republic.
- 1932 – The Empire of Japan established Manchukuo, a puppet state in northeastern China during the Sino-Japanese War.
- 1943 – Joseph Goebbels, Hitler's propaganda minister, delivered the "total war speech" to motivate the German people when the tide of World War II was turning against Germany.
- 2013 – Eight gunmen stole approximately US$50,000,000 worth of diamonds from a Swiss-bound aircraft at Brussels Airport, Belgium.
Francesco Redi (b. 1626) · Kristijonas Donelaitis (d. 1780) · Yoko Ono (b. 1933)
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