- 1320 – The Declaration of Arbroath, a declaration of Scottish independence, was adopted.
- 1866 – The Grand Army of the Republic, a fraternal organization composed of veterans of the Union Army who had served in the American Civil War, was founded in Decatur, Illinois.
- 1896 – The first modern Olympic Games (official report pictured) opened in Athens, with 241 athletes from 14 nations participating in 43 events in nine disciplines.
- 1941 – World War II: The Axis Powers began both Operation Marita and Directive no. 25, invading Greece and Yugoslavia, respectively.
- 2009 – A 6.3 Mw earthquake struck the region of Abruzzo in central Italy, killing 308 people and injuring more than 1,500 others.
- More anniversaries:
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