May 17: Galician Literature Day in Galicia, Spain
- 1642 – The Société Notre-Dame de Montréal founded a permanent mission known as Ville-Marie, which eventually grew into the city of Montreal.
- 1863 – Rosalía de Castro published Cantares gallegos, a collection of her poetry, the first book in the Galician language.
- 1902 – The Antikythera mechanism (pictured), the oldest known surviving geared mechanism, was discovered among artifacts retrieved from a shipwreck off the Greek island of Antikythera.
- 1954 – The US Supreme Court ruled in the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education, outlawing racial segregation in public schools because "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal".
- 2009 – Dalia Grybauskaitė was elected the first female President of Lithuania, receiving 68.18% of the vote.
- More anniversaries:
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