May 31: World No Tobacco Day; Feast of the Visitation (Roman Catholicism and Anglicanism)
- 1223 – Mongol invasions: Mongol forces defeated a combined army of Kiev, Galich, and the Cumans at the Kalchik River in present-day Ukraine.
- 1669 – Citing poor eyesight, English naval administrator and Member of Parliament Samuel Pepys recorded his last entry in his diary, one of the most important primary sources for the English Restoration period.
- 1862 – American Civil War: Confederate forces under Joseph E. Johnston and G. W. Smith engaged Union forces under George B. McClellan at the Battle of Seven Pines outside Richmond, Virginia.
- 1941 – The United Kingdom completed its re-occupation of Iraq, returning 'Abd al-Ilah (pictured) to power as regent for Faisal II.
- 2009 – American physician George Tiller, who was nationally known for being one of the few doctors in the United States to perform late-term abortions, was shot and killed by Scott Roeder, an anti-abortion activist.
- More anniversaries:
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