August 15: Victory over Japan Day; Feast of the Assumption (Christianity); Independence Day in the Congo (1960) and India (1947)
- 778 – A Frankish army led by Roland was defeated by the Basques at Roncevaux Pass in the Pyrenees on the border between France and Spain.
- 1261 – Michael VIII Palaiologos (pictured) was crowned Byzantine emperor in Constantinople.
- 1812 – War of 1812: Potawatomi warriors destroyed the United States Army's Fort Dearborn in what is now Chicago, Illinois, and captured the survivors.
- 1941 – Corporal Josef Jakobs was executed by firing squad at the Tower of London for espionage, making him the last person to be executed at the Tower.
- 2005 – The Helsinki Agreement between the Free Aceh Movement and the Government of Indonesia was signed, ending 28 years of fighting.
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