January 20: Martyrs' Day in Azerbaijan (1990)
Soviet Pole of Inaccessbility station, Antarctica
- 250 – Pope Fabian was martyred during a widespread persecution of Christians for refusing to demonstrate loyalty to the Roman Empire.
- 1877 – The Constantinople Conference concluded with the Great Powers declaring the need for political reforms that the Ottoman Empire refused to undertake, which later led to the Russo-Turkish War.
- 1942 – The Holocaust: SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich and other senior Nazi officials met at the Wannsee Conference in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee to discuss implementation of the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question".
- 1969 – Bengali student activist Amanullah Asaduzzaman was shot and killed by East Pakistani police, one of the catalysts that led to the Bangladesh Liberation War.
- 2007 – A three-man team, using only skis and kites, completed a 1,093-mile (1,759 km) trek to reach the southern pole of inaccessibility (pictured) for the first time since 1958, and for the first time ever without mechanical assistance.
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