- 490 BC – Greco-Persian Wars: Athenians and their Plataean allies turned back the first Persian invasion of Greece in the Battle of Marathon.
- 1848 – Switzerland became a federal state with the adoption of a new constitution.
- 1910 – Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 8, one of the largest-scale choral works in the classical concert repertoire, was first performed in Munich.
- 1942 – World War II: The Imperial Japanese Army began the Battle of Edson's Ridge in an effort to retake Henderson Field on Guadalcanal.
- 1992 – Aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour, American Mae Jemison (pictured) became the first black woman in space.
Carl Eytel (b. 1862) · Fitz Hugh Ludlow (d. 1870) · Raymond Burr (d. 1993)
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