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lundi 31 juillet 2017

July 31 Wikipedia featured article

Gubby Allen

Gubby Allen (1902–1989) was a cricketer who captained England in eleven Test matches. Born in Sydney, Australia, on 31 July 1902, his family moved to London when he was six. In first-class matches, he played for Middlesex and Cambridge University. A fast bowler and hard-hitting lower-order batsman for England, Allen was appointed captain in 1936 and led the team during the unsuccessful 1936–37 tour of Australia. He captained England in a Test series in the West Indies in 1947–48. He later became an influential cricket administrator who held key positions in the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), which effectively ruled English cricket at the time. He was instrumental in the creation of an MCC coaching manual, and worked hard to eliminate illegal bowling actions. As chairman of selectors from 1955 to 1961, he presided over a period of great success for English cricket, during which he worked closely with the Test captain Peter May. In 1963, he became MCC's president, and was made the club's treasurer the following year. In this role, he was deeply involved in the D'Oliveira affair, a controversy over the potential selection of Basil D'Oliveira to tour South Africa. He was knighted in 1986. (Full article...)



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On this day: July 31

July 31: Feast day of Saint Ignatius of Loyola; Ka Hae Hawai'i Day (Flag Day) in Hawaii

Free Derry Corner
Free Derry Corner

William Courtenay (d. 1396) · Doris Zinkeisen (b. 1898) · J. K. Rowling (b. 1965)

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dimanche 30 juillet 2017

July 30 Wikipedia featured article

Giganotosaurus

Giganotosaurus ("giant southern lizard") is a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived in what is now Argentina, around 99.6 to 97 million years ago. It was one of the largest known terrestrial carnivores, but the exact size has been hard to determine from the incomplete remains found so far. The holotype specimen, discovered in Patagonia in 1993, is almost 70% complete, and indicates a length of 12 to 13 m (39 to 43 ft), a skull 1.53 to 1.80 m (5.0 to 5.9 ft) in length, and a weight of 4.2 to 13.8 t (4.6 to 15.2 short tons). A length of 13.2 m (43 ft) has been extrapolated from another individual's dentary bone. Some researchers believe the animal to be larger than Tyrannosaurus, generally considered the largest theropod. The skull was low, with a ridge-like crest in front of the eye. The teeth were serrated, and the front of the lower jaw was flattened. Giganotosaurus is thought to have had a homeothermic metabolism, between that of a mammal and a reptile, which would have enabled rapid growth but not fast movement. It was probably the apex predator of its ecosystem, feeding on juvenile sauropod dinosaurs. (Full article...)



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On this day: July 30

July 30

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

Jacob Baradaeus (d. 578) · Emily Brontë (b. 1818) · Claudette Colbert (d. 1996)

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samedi 29 juillet 2017

July 29 Wikipedia featured article

Isidor Isaac Rabi in 1944

Isidor Isaac Rabi (1898–1988) was an American physicist and Nobel laureate. Born on 29 July 1898 into a traditional Jewish family in what was then part of Austria-Hungary, Rabi came to the United States as a baby and was raised in New York's Lower East Side. In collaboration with Gregory Breit, he developed the Breit-Rabi equation, and predicted that the Stern–Gerlach experiment could be modified to confirm the properties of the atomic nucleus. During World War II he worked on radar at the MIT Radiation Laboratory, and on the Manhattan Project. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1944 for his discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance, used in spectroscopy and imaging. He was also one of the first scientists in the US to work on the cavity magnetron, a key component in microwave radar and microwave ovens. After the war, he served on the General Advisory Committee of the Atomic Energy Commission, and was its chairman from 1952 to 1956. He was Science Advisor to President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and was involved in the creation of the Brookhaven National Laboratory (1947) and CERN (1954). (Full article...)



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On this day: July 29

July 29

Arc de Triomphe
Arc de Triomphe

Francesco Mochi (b. 1580) · Philip Charles Durham (b. 1763) · Ronald Fisher (d. 1962)

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vendredi 28 juillet 2017

Comment se faire de l’argent sur Internet (en travaillant dur)

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July 28 Wikipedia featured article

The ship on the Danube river in 1914

The ship that became the Yugoslav monitor Sava began as SMS Bodrog, a river monitor built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy. She and two other monitors fired the first shots of World War I on the night of 28 July 1914, when they shelled Serbian defences near Belgrade. She fought the Serbian and Romanian armies during the war, and was captured in its closing stages. She was transferred to the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia), and renamed Sava. During the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, she fought off several air attacks, but was scuttled on 11 April. Sava was later raised by the Independent State of Croatia, an Axis puppet state, and continued to serve under that name until 1944 when she was again scuttled. Following World War II, Sava was raised again, and was refurbished to serve in the Yugoslav Navy from 1952 to 1962. After that she became a commercial gravel barge. In 2005, the government of Serbia granted her limited heritage protection after citizens demanded that she be preserved as a floating museum. (Full article...)



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On this day: July 28

July 28:

Sutton Hoo helmet
Sutton Hoo helmet

Shi Jingtang (d. 942) · Beatrix Potter (b. 1866) · Clara Ng (b. 1973)

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jeudi 27 juillet 2017

July 27 Wikipedia featured article

2017-D Roosevelt dime

The Roosevelt dime is the current ten-cent piece of the United States, displaying President Franklin D. Roosevelt on the obverse. Authorized soon after his death in 1945, it has been produced by the Mint continuously since 1946 in large numbers. Roosevelt had been stricken with polio, and was one of the moving forces of the March of Dimes. The ten-cent coin could legally be changed by the Mint without the need for congressional action, and officials moved quickly to replace the Mercury dime. Chief Engraver John R. Sinnock prepared models, but faced repeated criticism from the Commission of Fine Arts. He modified his design in response, and the coin went into circulation in January 1946. The Mint transitioned from striking the coin in silver to base metal in 1965, and the design remains essentially unaltered from when Sinnock created it. Without rare dates or silver content, the dime is less widely sought by coin collectors than other modern American coins. (Full article...)



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On this day: July 27

July 27: José Celso Barbosa Day in Puerto Rico

Erwin Rommel and aides
Erwin Rommel and aides

Jeanne Baré (b. 1740) · Hannah Primrose, Countess of Rosebery (b. 1851) · Elizabeth Rona (d. 1981)

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mercredi 26 juillet 2017

July 26 Wikipedia featured article

Calvatia sculpta

Calvatia sculpta, commonly known as the sculpted puffball, is a species of puffball fungus in the family Agaricaceae. Up to 8 to 15 cm (3.1 to 5.9 in) tall by 8 to 10 cm (3.1 to 3.9 in) wide, the pear- or egg-shaped puffball is readily recognizable from the large pyramidal or polygonal warts covering its surface. It is edible when young, before the spores inside the fruit body disintegrate into a brownish powder. Originally described from the Sierra Nevada, C. sculpta is found in mountainous areas in western North America, and was found in a Brazilian dune in 2008. It may be easily confused with Calbovista subsculpta, a similar puffball that—in addition to differences observable only with microscopy—is larger, and has slightly raised warts with a felt-like texture. Other similar species include Calvatia arctica and immature specimens of Amanita magniverrucata. The species was first described in 1885 by American mycologist Harvey Willson Harkness, who called it "a curious and strikingly beautiful species". (Full article...)



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On this day: July 26

July 26: Independence Day in Liberia (1847)

Moncada Barracks
Moncada Barracks

George Bernard Shaw (b. 1856) · Carl Jung (b. 1875) · Robert Todd Lincoln (d. 1926)

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mardi 25 juillet 2017

July 25 Wikipedia featured article

Lars Ulrich
Lars Ulrich, drummer and co-founder of Metallica

Kill 'Em All is the debut studio album by the American heavy metal band Metallica, released on July 25, 1983, by the independent record label Megaforce Records. It is a groundbreaking album for thrash metal, which fuses riffs of the new wave of British heavy metal with hardcore punk tempos. Its musical approach and lyrics, markedly different from rock's mainstream of the early Eighties, inspired other thrash metal bands. The album did not enter the Billboard 200 until 1986, when it peaked at number 155, following Metallica's commercial success with its third studio album Master of Puppets; the 1988 Elektra reissue peaked at number 120. Kill 'Em All was critically praised at the time of its release and was ranked at number 35 on Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time list. It was certified 3× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America in 1999 for shipping three million copies in the United States. The album generated two singles: "Whiplash" and "Jump in the Fire". Metallica promoted the album on the Kill 'Em All for One tour with Raven in the United States. (Full article...)



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On this day: July 25

July 25

Corinth Canal
Corinth Canal

Isaac Luria (d. 1572) · Thomas Eakins (b. 1844)  · Rosalind Franklin (b. 1920)

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lundi 24 juillet 2017

On this day: July 24

July 24: Pioneer Day in Utah (1847)

Rescuers at the Santiago de Compostela derailment
Rescuers at the Santiago de Compostela derailment

Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid (d. 946) · Prince William, Duke of Gloucester (b. 1689) · Zelda Fitzgerald (b. 1900)

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July 24 Wikipedia featured article

Monte Ne is a former health resort and planned community in the U.S. state of Arkansas, open from 1901 to the mid-1930s. It was owned and operated by William Hope Harvey, a financial theorist and writer, in the Ozark hills of the White River valley east of Rogers on the edge of Beaver Lake. Two of its hotels, Missouri Row and Oklahoma Row, were the largest log buildings in the world at the time, and Oklahoma Row's tower is one of the earliest examples of a multi-story concrete structure. The resort was not a financial success, due in part to Harvey's management style, and shortly after his death the property was sold off. The remainder of the resort and town was almost completely submerged after Beaver Lake was created in 1964. The severely vandalized Oklahoma Row tower is the only remaining structure that can be seen at normal lake levels. The area on the edge of Beaver Lake still referred to as Monte Ne, owned and managed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, serves mainly as a boat ramp. (Full article...)



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dimanche 23 juillet 2017

July 23 Wikipedia featured article

Satellite image of Hurricane Alicia
Hurricane Alicia

The 1983 Atlantic hurricane season was the least active Atlantic hurricane season in 53 years. Although the season begins by convention on June 1, there were no tropical depressions until July 23, and only four of the season's seven depressions became tropical storms. Tropical Depression Three became Hurricane Alicia (satellite image pictured) on August 17 and made landfall in Texas the next day, breaking thousands of glass windows in Houston's skyscrapers, killing 22 people and causing $1.7 billion in damage. The storm that became Hurricane Barry formed on August 25, crossed Florida, and made landfall near Brownsville, Texas, dissipating five days later. Hurricane Chantal stayed out at sea, and was absorbed by a front on September 15. Tropical Depression Six formed on September 19 and caused heavy rains in the Caribbean. Tropical Storm Dean, the final storm of the season, attained peak winds of 65 mph (105 km/h), and made landfall on the Delmarva Peninsula on September 29. (Full article...)



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On this day: July 23

July 23: Beginning of The Nine Days (Judaism, 2017); Revolution Day in Egypt (1952); ; Parents' Day in the United States (2017)

Henry Halleck
Henry Halleck

Bonaventura Peeters the Elder (b. 1614) · Apolinario Mabini (b. 1864) · Amy Winehouse (d. 2011)

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samedi 22 juillet 2017

On this day: July 22

July 22: Feast day of Mary Magdalene; Pi Approximation Day

Gia Long
Gia Long

Josefa de Óbidos (d. 1684) · Edward Hopper (b. 1882) · Ursula Franklin (d. 2016)

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July 22 Wikipedia featured article

Bradley Wiggins at the 2012 Tour de France
Bradley Wiggins

The 2012 Tour de France was the 99th edition of the race, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The 21 race stages, including the prologue, covered 3,496.9 km (2,173 mi), from the Belgian city of Liège on 30 June to the Champs-Élysées in Paris on 22 July. Bradley Wiggins (pictured) from Team Sky won the overall general classification, becoming the first British rider to win the Tour. Wiggins's teammate Chris Froome placed second, and Vincenzo Nibali (Liquigas–Cannondale) was third. Wiggins maintained leadership of the race after stage seven, the first mountainous stage. The points classification was won by Nibali's teammate Peter Sagan, who won three stages, as did André Greipel of Lotto–Belisol and Team Sky rider Mark Cavendish. Team Europcar's Thomas Voeckler won the mountains classification. BMC Racing Team's Tejay van Garderen, in fifth place overall, won the young rider classification. The team classification was won by RadioShack–Nissan, and Chris Anker Sørensen (Saxo Bank–Tinkoff Bank) was given the award for the most combative rider. (Full article...)

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vendredi 21 juillet 2017

On this day: July 21

July 21

Aswan High Dam
Aswan High Dam

Simion Bărnuțiu (b. 1808) · Hart Crane (b. 1899) · Hubert Lyautey (d. 1934)

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July 21 Wikipedia featured article

Dwayne Jones was a Jamaican 16-year-old who was killed by a violent mob in Montego Bay on the night of 21 July 2013, after he attended a dance party dressed in women's clothing. Perceived as effeminate, Jones had been bullied in school and rejected by his father, and had moved into a derelict house in Montego Bay with transgender friends. When some men at the dance party discovered that the cross-dressing Jones was not a woman, they confronted and attacked him. He was beaten, stabbed, shot, and run over by a car. Police investigated, but the murder remains unsolved. The death made news internationally. While voices on social media accused Jones of provoking his killers by cross-dressing in public, the murder was condemned by Jamaican educators and by Justice Minister Mark Golding. In the wake of the attack, domestic and international organisations devoted to LGBT rights and human rights – among them Human Rights Watch and Jamaicans for Justice – asked the Jamaican authorities for a proper investigation and for legal recognition of LGBT rights on the island. (Full article...)



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jeudi 20 juillet 2017

On this day: July 20

July 20: Independence Day in Colombia (1810)

The Niépce brothers' Pyréolophore
The Niépce brothers' Pyréolophore

Gregor Mendel (b. 1822) · Miron Cristea (b. 1868) · Amanda Clement (d. 1971)

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July 20 Wikipedia featured article

Chris Cornell; July 20, 1964 – May 18, 2017
Chris Cornell in 2011

Audioslave was an American rock supergroup formed in Los Angeles in 2001. The four-piece band consisted of Chris Cornell, Soundgarden's lead singer and rhythm guitarist (pictured), and Rage Against the Machine members Tom Morello (lead guitar), Tim Commerford (bass and backing vocals), and Brad Wilk (drums). Their sound was created by blending 1970s hard rock with 1990s alternative rock, using only guitar, bass, drums, and vocals. The group released three albums, received three Grammy nominations, and became the first American rock band to perform an open-air concert in Cuba. They disbanded in February 2007 when Cornell announced he was leaving "due to irresolvable personality conflicts as well as musical differences". The 2007 Rage Against the Machine reunion and tour involving the rest of the band cemented the supergroup's demise, as did the solo albums released that same year by Morello and Cornell. The group announced a reunion in January 2017, and performed together for the first time in over a decade at Prophets of Rage's Anti-Inaugural Ball. Cornell died in May 2017. (Full article...)



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