July 2: Feast day of Martinian and Processus (Roman Catholic Church)
- 626 – During the Xuanwu Gate Incident, Prince Li Shimin led his forces to assassinate his rival brothers in a coup for the imperial throne of the Tang dynasty.
- 1644 – The combined forces of the Scottish Covenanters and the English Parliamentarians defeated the Royalists at the Battle of Marston Moor, one of the decisive encounters of the English Civil War.
- 1816 – The French frigate Méduse ran aground off the coast of today's Mauritania, with the survivors escaping on a makeshift raft, which was depicted in Théodore Géricault's painting The Raft of the Medusa.
- 1917 – White residents of East St. Louis, Illinois, burned sections of the city and shot black inhabitants as they escaped the flames.
- 1937 – Aviation pioneer Amelia Earhart (pictured) and navigator Fred Noonan disappeared over the Pacific Ocean during an attempt to make a circumnavigational flight.
Theodoor Rombouts (b. 1597) · Robert Peel (d. 1850) · Leonard J. Arrington (b. 1917)
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