July 20: Independence Day in Colombia (1810)
The Niépce brothers' Pyréolophore
- 1779 – Tekle Giyorgis I began the first of his six reigns as Emperor of Ethiopia.
- 1807 – French brothers Claude and Nicéphore Niépce received a patent for their Pyréolophore (diagram pictured), one of the world's first internal combustion engines.
- 1922 – The German protectorate of Togoland was divided into the League of Nations mandates of French Togoland and British Togoland.
- 1987 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 598 was adopted, calling for an immediate ceasefire in the Iran–Iraq War.
- 1997 – After being fully restored, USS Constitution, one of the United States Navy's first ships, sailed under her own power for the first time in 116 years.
Gregor Mendel (b. 1822) · Miron Cristea (b. 1868) · Amanda Clement (d. 1971)
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