July 23: Beginning of The Nine Days (Judaism, 2017); Revolution Day in Egypt (1952); ; Parents' Day in the United States (2017)
Henry Halleck
- 1862 – American Civil War: Henry Halleck (pictured) was appointed general-in-chief of the Union Army.
- 1921 – The Communist Party of China was founded at the founding National Congress in Shanghai.
- 1942 – The Holocaust: The gas chambers at Treblinka extermination camp began operation, killing 6,500 Jews who had been transported from the Warsaw Ghetto the day before.
- 1974 – Following the collapse of the Greek military junta, the Metapolitefsi period began as the country transitioned to a democratic government.
- 2002 – On the 50th anniversary of its founding, the European Coal and Steel Community disbanded, and its activities and resources were absorbed by the European Community.
Bonaventura Peeters the Elder (b. 1614) · Apolinario Mabini (b. 1864) · Amy Winehouse (d. 2011)
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