October 1: National Day in China (1949); Unification Day in Cameroon (1961); Independence Day in Nigeria (1960), Palau (1994), and Tuvalu (1978); Filipino American History Month begins in the United States
Aerial view of Stanford University
- 1800 – With the signing of the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso, Spain returned the colonial territory of Louisiana to France in return for the Tuscany area of Italy.
- 1891 – Stanford University (pictured), founded by railroad magnate and California Governor Leland Stanford and his wife Jane on their former farm lands in Palo Alto, California, officially opened with 559 students and free tuition.
- 1946 – Mensa, the largest and oldest high-IQ society in the world, was formed in the United Kingdom.
- 1991 – Croatian War of Independence: Yugoslav National Army forces invaded the area surrounding Dubrovnik, Croatia, beginning a seven-month siege of the city.
- 2012 – A ferry collision offshore Hong Kong killed 39 people and injured 92 others.
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