October 12: Day of Ashura (Islam, 2016); Our Lady Aparecida's Day in Brazil; Independence Day in Equatorial Guinea (1968); National Day in Spain (1492)
Werner von Siemens
- 1847 – Werner von Siemens (pictured), a German inventor, founded Siemens & Halske, which later became Siemens, the largest engineering company in Europe.
- 1871 – The Criminal Tribes Act entered into force in British India, giving law enforcement sweeping powers to arrest, control, and monitor the movements of the members of 160 specific ethnic or social communities that were defined as "habitually criminal".
- 1917 – First World War: New Zealand troops suffered 2,735 casualties, including 845 deaths, in the First Battle of Passchendaele, making it the nation's largest loss of life in one day.
- 1960 – Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev reportedly pounded his shoe on a desk during the Plenary Meeting of the United Nations General Assembly in response to Filipino delegate Lorenzo Sumulong's assertion of Soviet colonial policy being conducted in Eastern Europe.
- 1992 – A 5.8 MB earthquake struck south of Cairo, Egypt, killing 545 people.
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